What is the process of protein synthesis?

The process of protein synthesis involves translating genetic information into proteins, making it a fundamental aspect of molecular biology. This process consists of two primary stages: transcription and translation.

During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. This mRNA then carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation is the stage where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize a specific protein by linking together the appropriate amino acids in the correct order, which corresponds to the information encoded in the mRNA.

This option accurately captures the entire process of protein synthesis, encompassing both the transcription of DNA to mRNA and the subsequent translation of that mRNA into a functional protein. Understanding this process is essential for grasping how genes express themselves as proteins, which perform a myriad of functions within living organisms.