What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After proteins and lipids are produced within the ER, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo several important modifications, such as glycosylation (the addition of sugar molecules), phosphorylation, and sulfation. These modifications are crucial for the proper functioning of the proteins and lipids.

Once the proteins and lipids are modified, the Golgi apparatus sorts them based on their destinations—whether they need to be sent to various parts of the cell, secreted outside the cell, or integrated into the cell membrane. The Golgi apparatus then packages these molecules into vesicles, which transport them to their appropriate locations throughout the cell.

In summary, the Golgi apparatus plays a central role in processing and distributing cellular products, which is essential for maintaining cellular function and overall cellular health.