What is meant by cellular differentiation?

Cellular differentiation refers to the biological process by which a less specialized cell, such as a stem cell, develops into a more specialized type of cell with distinct structural and functional properties. This process allows cells to acquire specific characteristics that enable them to perform unique roles within an organism, such as becoming muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells.

Differentiation is crucial for development and functionality in multicellular organisms. It allows for the formation of diverse tissue types, each with specialized functions that are essential for the organism's survival and health. During differentiation, various factors, including genetic regulation, environmental signals, and cellular interactions, trigger changes in gene expression, leading to the unique identities of the differentiated cells.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the concept of cellular differentiation. The formation of new organisms involves processes like reproduction rather than differentiation. Making all cells identical contradicts the fundamental principle of specialization in multicellular organisms. Lastly, cell division pertains to the process of a cell dividing to form two daughter cells, which is distinct from the process where a cell becomes specialized in function and structure.