What is ecological succession?

Ecological succession refers to the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. This process involves a series of stages in which different species of plants and animals establish themselves in an area, leading to changes in species composition and community structure. For example, after a disturbance such as a forest fire, pioneer species like certain grasses or mosses may first colonize the area. Over time, as conditions change and these pioneer species alter the environment, other species may invade and replace them, ultimately leading to a more stable and diverse ecosystem.

The emphasis on a gradual change highlights that ecological succession is not a sudden event, but rather a continuous and often slow reshaping of the biological community. This concept is crucial in understanding how ecosystems recover from disturbances and how various species interact and adapt to changes in their environment.