What is a keystone species?

A keystone species is defined as one that has a disproportionately large impact on its environment relative to its abundance. This means that while it may not be the most numerous species in an ecosystem, its presence or absence can significantly influence the structure and function of the community. Keystone species help maintain the balance within the ecosystem, often affecting the population sizes and diversity of other organisms.

For example, predators can be considered keystone species because they regulate the populations of other species, preventing any one group from dominating the ecosystem. In this way, they contribute to habitat variety and help maintain ecological balance. When a keystone species is removed, it can lead to a cascading effect, often resulting in a drastic change in the ecosystem, including loss of biodiversity or the collapse of certain community structures.

Understanding the role of keystone species highlights the intricate interdependencies within ecosystems and underscores the importance of conservation efforts aimed at protecting them.