What is a genotype?

A genotype refers specifically to the genetic constitution or makeup of an organism. It encompasses the alleles that an individual inherits from its parents, which contribute to the organism's potential to express certain traits. The genotype serves as a blueprint for the traits an organism may display, although the actual traits manifesting, known as the phenotype, may also be influenced by environmental factors.

Understanding the genotype is fundamental in genetics as it helps to explain hereditary patterns and the likelihood of certain traits appearing in offspring. It allows researchers and scientists to analyze the genetic basis of diseases, traits, and even behaviors within a population.