How do autotrophs differ from heterotrophs?

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food, typically through processes such as photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. This ability allows them to convert inorganic substances and energy from light (or chemical reactions) into organic compounds that serve as their food source. Examples of autotrophs include plants, algae, and certain bacteria.

Conversely, heterotrophs cannot create their own food and must obtain their energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms, either plants or animals. This fundamental difference in how these two types of organisms acquire energy is essential to understanding ecological relationships and food webs in nature.

The distinction highlighted in the correct answer is crucial because it emphasizes the different roles autotrophs and heterotrophs play in ecosystems, with autotrophs serving as producers that form the base of the food chain, while heterotrophs act as consumers that depend on these producers for energy.