How are biotic and abiotic factors defined in an ecosystem?

Biotic factors refer to all the living components of an ecosystem, which include organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. These living entities interact with one another and their environment, forming complex relationships that shape the structure and function of ecosystems. In contrast, abiotic factors are the non-living physical and chemical components of an environment. These encompass elements like sunlight, temperature, water, soil, and nutrients that influence the living organisms and their interactions.

This distinction is crucial for studying ecosystems, as both biotic and abiotic factors play significant roles in determining the types of organisms that can thrive in a particular environment, their interactions, and the overall health of the ecosystem. Understanding how these components effect and shape ecosystems allows ecologists to better comprehend ecological dynamics and environmental challenges.